What information is provided by the sign (+ or -) of the Pearson correlation?

What information is provided by the sign (+ or -) of the Pearson correlation?
4.2 What information is provided by the numerical value of the Pearson correlation?
4.3 For the following set of data:
X Y
1 0
2 2
4 6
5 8
3 4
a. Sketch a graph showing the location of the five X,Y points.
b. Just looking at your graph, estimate the value of the Pearson correlation.
c. Compute the Pearson correlation for this data set using the formula sheet
handed out in class.
4.4 It is well known that similarity in attitudes, beliefs, and interests plays an
important role in interpersonal attraction (see Byrne, 1971, for example). Thus,
correlations for attitudes between married couples should be strong. Suppose a
researcher developed a questionnaire that measures how liberal or conservative
one’s attitudes are. Low scores indicate that the person has liberal attitudes,
whereas high scores indicate conservatism. The following hypothetical data are
scores for married couples. Compute the Pearson correlation for these data (previous page), and determine:
a. whether or not there is a relationship between attitudes for husbands and
wives (yes or no). Explain your answer.
b. what type of relationship there is, if any (positive or negative). Explain
your answer.
c. how strong or weak the relationship is, if any. How do you know?
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