Competitive advantage in the 20th century was created by making quality products and services faster, cheaper, and moving them quickly around a town, state or nation.

Competitive advantage in the 20th century was created by making quality products and services faster, cheaper, and moving them quickly around a town, state or nation. Business organizations in the 21st century must continue to produce goods and services faster and cheaper than its competitors; however, unlike the 20th century, competitive advantage is gained only when a business can customize the goods and/or services to meet customer demands and have them delivered around the world. Ironically, while the pace of doing business has magnified thousands of times, employees desire more than ever to slow down and balance work with family. People who successfully manage this 21st century paradigm must comprehend all facets of the organization and how they compose the company’s competitive advantage. Manager’s in particular have to find ways to secure competitive advantage via innovation of the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the organization’s rules, procedures, processes and people who execute them.
As seen in week one organizational theory has evolved to embrace a human centric framework. This week theme one seeks to explain how 21st century businesses’ must blend 20th and 21st century management theory and application to create a competitive edge. In theme two the material for the week begins to explain that the foundation of most existing managerial practices stems from Fayol’s four functions of management. It is upon Fayol’s foundation that manager’s will have to build their practices for a new agile organization structure.
In the coming weeks, students will examine the four functions so that they can understand the common practice upon which new ideas of management are built.
Theme 1: Helping a business to create a competitive edge among competitors is a crucial job of the manager.
Theme 2: The Functions of Management and the New Organization
The role of the manager in a business organization has been defined as a person who can implement the vision, purpose and mission of the business by creating processes, procedures, and short/long term goals that put the organization on a competitive path. The manager does this through the implementation of the four primary functions or pillars of management - planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling. Henri Fayol’s functions of management mentioned in our organizational theory timeline has created a foundation for the modern management role and are very much alive in running businesses today (it should be noted that it is currently five not four [to include staffing] management pillars). The challenge for the manager in the 21st century is to merge the traditional functions of a
manager to include a greater role in developing long term goals and leading people while still maintaining the traditional functions of management. This week’s themes explore the definition of the four functions of management and how they form the foundation of the manager’s job.
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After the reading the Issues & Applications in your etext: Interpreting Employment Data as the Gig Economy Grows and researching online how Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance are more specifically funded,

After the reading the Issues & Applications in your etext: Interpreting Employment Data as the Gig Economy Grows and researching online how Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance are more specifically funded, please answer the following questions:
Why might the U.S. government, which funds Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance programs by taxing wages, desire to find a way to reduce self-employment and inhibit the growth of the gig economy?
Do you see the growth of the gig economy as a positive or negative trend in the economy? Explain.
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Compare the ranking of U.S. GDP (purchasing power parity) to that of other countries by visiting the CIA’s World Factbook.

Compare the ranking of U.S. GDP (purchasing power parity) to that of other countries by visiting the CIA’s World Factbook.
After reading the article U.S.A comes up a bit short in global Better Life Index and comparing the relative ranking of U.S. GDP to other countries, what is the link between wealth and well-being? Do governments have a responsibility to address well-being?
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Weighted Average Cost Of Capital

Weighted Average Cost Of Capital
Purpose of Assignment
Students should understand the mechanics in calculating a company's weighted average cost of capital using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and its use in making financial investments.
Assignment Steps
Resources: Tutorial help on Excel® and Word functions can be found on the Microsoft®Office website. There are also additional tutorials via the web that offer support for office products.
Scenario: You work for an investment banking firm and have been asked by management of Vestor Corporation (not real), a software development company, to calculate its weighted average cost of capital, to use in evaluating a new company investment. The firm is considering a new investment in a warehousing facility, which it believes will generate an internal rate of return of 11.5%. The market value of Vestor's capital structure is as follows:
Source of Capital
Market Value
Bonds
$10,000,000
Preferred Stock
$2,000,000
Common Stock
$8,000,000
To finance the investment, Vestor has issued 20 year bonds with a $1,000 par value, 6% coupon rate and at a market price of $950.
Preferred stock paying a $2.50 annual dividend was sold for $25 per share. Common stock of Vestor is currently selling for $50 per share and has a Beta of 1.2. The firm's tax rate is 34%. The expected market return of the S&P 500 is 13% and the 10-Year Treasury note is currently yielding 3.5%.
Determine what discount rate (WACC) Vestor should use to evaluate the warehousing facility project.
Assess whether Vestor should make the warehouse investment.
Prepare your analysis in a minimum of 700 words in Microsoft® Word.
Use Microsoft® Word tables in the presentation if you choose.
Show all calculations and analysis in the presentation.
Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
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WACC And Corporate Investment Decisions

WACC And Corporate Investment Decisions
Purpose of Assignment
Students should understand corporate risk and be able to use the financial models learned in the class to evaluate and calculate a company's weighted average cost of capital and use the analysis to make company investment decisions.
About Your Signature Assignment
This signature assignment is designed to align with specific program student learning outcome(s) in your program. Program Student Learning Outcomes are broad statements that describe what students should know and be able to do upon completion of their degree. The signature assignments may be graded with an automated rubric that allows the University to collect data that can be aggregated across a location or college/school and used for program improvements.
Assignment Steps
Resources: Tutorial help on Excel® and Word functions can be found on the Microsoft®Office website. There are also additional tutorials via the web that offer support for office products.
Scenario: Wilson Corporation (not real) has a targeted capital structure of 40% long term debt and 60% common stock. The debt is yielding 6% and the corporate tax rate is 35%. The common stock is trading at $50 per share and next year's dividend is $2.50 per share that is growing by 4% per year.
Prepare a minimum 700-word analysis including the following:
Calculate the company's weighted average cost of capital. Use the dividend discount model. Show calculations in Microsoft® Word.
The company's CEO has stated if the company increases the amount of long term debt so the capital structure will be 60% debt and 40% equity, this will lower its WACC. Explain and defend why you agree or disagree. Report how would you advise the CEO.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
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